Architectural design has evolved over time under the influence of different understandings. In this evolution process, contrasting tendencies such as minimalism and maximalism have had an important place in the design world. While minimalism prioritizes simplicity, maximalism emphasizes rich details and visual diversity. In this article, we will present a comparative analysis of the reflections, advantages, disadvantages and sample projects of both approaches in architecture.
Minimalism Depth in Simplicity
When we think of minimalism, the first thing that comes to mind is the meeting of the concepts of simplicity and simplicity applied in many areas such as lifestyle, thought, fashion, product design, furniture, architecture and interior design. Hegel's words “It is an understanding of beauty that is simple but not simple, plain but not prosaic.” fully describes this movement. This movement, which advocates simplicity and objectivity in form, means minimum number of colors, minimum value, form and line. Its equivalent in architecture and design can be defined as going for the simplest, most economical and functional result with the least amount of material.
It took its first steps in the 1900s with the works of painter Kazimir Malevich, the simple designs of architect Mies van der Rohe and the philosophy of “less is more”. A popular art movement, minimalist art was shaped by the influence of the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements in the mid-20th century. This approach aims to create spaces that are free from unnecessary ornamentation, have clean lines and prioritize functionality. Effective use of natural light, neutral color palettes and open space arrangements are the main features of minimalist design.
Advantages:
Simplicity and Order: Minimalist spaces offer a calm and peaceful atmosphere because they are free of unnecessary details.
Functionality: Each element serves a specific purpose, allowing the space to be used efficiently.
Timeless Design: Minimalist structures maintain their aesthetic value for a long time, regardless of the temporary effects of fashion.
Disadvantages:
Cold and Sterile Perception: Excessive simplicity may cause some users to perceive the space as cold and impersonal.
Limitation of Expression: Minimalist design can limit individual taste and the display of personal belongings.
Farnsworth House - Ludwig Moses van der Rohe
Built by Mies van der Rohe between 1945 and 1951 in Illinois, USA, the Farnsworth House is one of the most iconic buildings of modern architecture. Considered as one of the pinnacles of minimalist design, this building has a radically transformative language with its principles of transparency, suspension and simple building elements.
When the house is analyzed, we see that the interior is completely separated from the carriers, all facades are glass from top to bottom, creating a house that opens up to its surroundings. While the glass integrates the house into its tranquil surroundings, Mies provides privacy with the trees on the private land where the building is located. He says the following about this approach: “Nature should live its own life. We should not disturb it with the colors of our houses and the mechanisms inside. Moreover, we should try to bring nature, houses and people together in a way that creates a great unity.
Farnsworth House is an important example of 20th century architecture in which simplicity is rendered in a perfect form. The perfection of its design, the openness and minimalist approach of its plan layout inspires many future works.
Maximalism Visual Richness and Variety
Maximalism emerged as a reaction to minimalism and post-minimalism. It adopts the approach of “less is boring” and “more is more” in contrast to the “less is more” approach of minimalism. This approach is characterized by vibrant colors, intricate patterns, varied textures and rich decorative elements. Maximalist design emphasizes individual expression and creativity. In this thinking, the harmony of the crowd when it comes together is of paramount importance. It is an art created by the careful selection and placement of pieces that create harmony rather than empty clutter and crowding.
Advantages:
Personal Expression: Maximalist spaces allow individuals to showcase their personal tastes and collections.
Rich Visuality: The use of various colors and patterns gives the space a dynamic and energetic atmosphere.
Creativity: The combination of different styles and elements encourages creativity in design.
Disadvantages
Visual clutter: Excessive use of detail and color can create a chaotic feeling in the space.
Loss of Functionality: Functionality can take a back seat to aesthetic concerns.
La Sagrada Familia - Antoni Gaudí
Antoni Gaudí's masterpiece, the Sagrada Família is not only a religious building, but also one of the most magnificent examples of maximalist architecture. This basilica is notable for its intricate façade arrangements, intense symbolism and organic forms inspired by nature. every surface is enriched with elaborate carvings, sculptures, colorful stained glass and mosaics. He took elements of classical Gothic architecture and reinterpreted them with his distinctive modernist and nature-based design approach.
Visual diversity, one of the fundamental principles of maximalist design, is evident throughout the Sagrada Família. The three main facades of the building, Nativity, Passion and Triumph, are adorned with elaborate sculptures telling different stories, giving the building a profound layering. Inside, the harmony of columns resembling tree branches, undulating surfaces and vibrant colors create a dramatic and impressive experience for the visitor. Gaudí's work is an architectural masterpiece that turns excess into an artistic language and tells a story with every detail.
Hybrid Approaches Between Minimalism and Maximalism
Today, designers and architects strive to create balanced spaces by combining the advantages of minimalism and maximalism. These hybrid approaches blend the best of both movements to enrich the user experience.
Maximalist Touches on a Minimalist Foundation: In a simple space, visual interest can be increased by using vibrant colors or eye-catching artwork in certain areas.
Minimalist Zones in Maximalist Spaces: In a densely decorated home, balance can be achieved by keeping the rest areas simple.
Although minimalism and maximalism represent opposite poles in architectural design, each offers aesthetics and functionality in its own right. The choice depends on the purpose of the space, the needs of the users and personal taste. Hybrid approaches combine the advantages of these two trends to create more flexible and user-oriented designs.
Bibliography:
https://www.arkitektuel.com/farnsworth-evi/
https://divisare.com/projects/397743-ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe-yorgos-efthymiadis-
https://www.arkitektuel.com/la-sagrada-familia/
https://www.archdaily.com/1007027/maximalism-what-it-is-and-why-you-need-to-know-it
